Original Articles
Vol. 58 No. 3 (2009)
https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.2009.246
Dichiarazioni Anticipate di Trattamento (DAT): revisione della letteratura
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All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
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Introduction: wherever advance directives of treatment (DAT) have been legalized they have been expected to allow the extension of autonomy and self-determination in case of loss of competence. By reviewing literature 5 establishing postulates for the validation of DAT have been verified: 1. wishes of patient are stable over time, 2. patients can transfer those wishes into their DAT, 3. surrogates can correctly understand wishes of patients, 4. patients want clinical management slavishly follows instructions expressed by their DAT, 5. physicians can modify their usual therapeutic behaviour according to the content of DAT. Methods: multi-source search in main electronic databases (Medline, EMBASE, PASCAL Biomed) and manual research in identified article references. Results: none of the 5 theoretical postulates examined has demonstrated a sufficient validity. Wishes of patient show wide and unpredictable variability, moreover increasing over time. Very often patients draft their DAT without any basic knowledge about either procedures or implications of choices in different clinical scenarios. The ability to predict patients' wishes from surrogates is overall scarce and in many cases prediction is not more accurate than expected by chance alone. Patients' favourite decisional pattern is represented by shared decisions between family members and physicians. Lastly the majority of literature shows that either physicians ignore DAT and do not change their standard procedures, or that in the intent of conforming to the content of DAT, they may realize behaviours inconsistent with the best therapeutic standards, harming patients' health. Conclusions: it is reputed that in the place of DAT, because of their intrinsic limits, we can propose the extension of patient's anamnesis, without mandatory obligation on physicians.
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How to Cite
Dichiarazioni Anticipate di Trattamento (DAT): revisione della letteratura. (2009). Medicina E Morale, 58(3). https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.2009.246
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