Original Articles
Vol. 62 No. 3 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.2013.96
Le biobanche di ricerca Problematiche etico-sociali tra diritti dell'individuo e prospettiva comunitaria
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All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
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In the last decade, the establishment of organized biobanks (collections of biological samples and associated data) has grown at both the national and international level. The metaphor of the bank was questioned, as it recalls a lucrative scope and reduces a new field of biomedicine that could develop innovative methods for promotion of human health to the perspective of individual profit. Other analogies such as art collections, voluntary organizations, libraries or repositories ("teca") were proposed as the primary function of these collections is an advance of research for public interest. New strategies of diagnosis, prevention and therapy for various illnesses are expected to be derived from studies that focus on the understanding of the contributions of genes, lifestyle and environment, to the development of complex diseases. However, at the same time, activities related to research biobanking carry significant ethical risks and arise for social concern. This paper after such a general examination focuses on the specific ethical and socio- ethical issues in this field. This involved topics such as public trust, informed consent, privacy, return of results, risk of genetic discrimination and social stigmatization, commercialization, property and benefit sharing. Furthermore, while analysing these topics, two fundamental theoretical approaches in the ethics of biobanking were addressed: the protection of individual's rights perspective and the communitarian perspective. The central concern in pointing out this debate is to solve the problem of how biobanks should be organized and managed between guarantees of individual interests and rights (like informed consent and privacy) on one hand and the realization of the common good (in terms of research progress and benefits for public health) on other. Whilst one perspective risks being excessively paternalistic and procedural, the other can tend to be rhetoric, purely utilitarian or contractual. Finally, the article ends with an open-ended discussion by considering critical points of both frameworks, by referring to some particular "bridging concepts" aimed at balancing the excessive views, and by emphasizing the relevance of some socio-political challenges of current biobank research policy.
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How to Cite
Le biobanche di ricerca Problematiche etico-sociali tra diritti dell’individuo e prospettiva comunitaria. (2013). Medicina E Morale, 62(3). https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.2013.96
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